In order to provide you quality education, Globalshiksha has come up with Topchalks Class XII Biology for CBSE students. This pack consist of 2 CD which is designed strictly on the basis of CBSE syllabus. Each and every chapters are given in systematic form so that it could be easily understandable for every students. This CD is helpful for making strong foundation for your further studies.

 

Product Details :

 

Ø Product Code  -  TC12B           

Ø No. of Chapters  -  16               

Ø No. of lectures taught  -  571  

Ø Solved problems  -  375

Ø Fully Solved Question Papers  -  5

Ø No. of Hours  -  35  

 

Chapters Covered

 

Reproduction in Organisms

 

Ø Reproduction, Types and Features

Ø Asexual Reproduction

Ø Types of Asexual Reproduction

Ø Vegetative Propagation

Ø Sexual Reproduction, Phases of Reproduction

Ø Pre-fertilization Events

Ø Fertilization

Ø Post-fertilization Events

Ø Objective Questions

 

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

 

Ø Structure of flower, Male reproductive organ in flower, Structure of microspoangium, Microsporogenesis, Structure of pollen grains, pollen allergy, pollen products, pollen viability

Ø Female reproductive part of flower, types of ovules, formation of embryo sac

Ø Pollination, self pollination, advantages and disadvantages of self pollination, cross pollination, anemophily, hydrophily, Zoophily, entomophily, ornithophily, chiropterophily, malacophily

Ø Outbreeding devices, advantages of cross pollination, pollen-pistill interaction, artificial hybridization in plants, double fertilization

Ø Post-fertilization: endosperm formation, types of endosperm development, embryogeny

Ø Seed formation, vaibility of seeds, importance of seeds, fruit formation, apomixis and types of apomictic development

Ø Objective Questions

 

Human Reproduction

 

Ø Process of human reproduction

Ø Primary sex organs, secondary sex organs

Ø Intratesticular genital duct system, ejaculatory ducts, male copulatory organ

Ø Male accessory glands

Ø Female Reproductive System and its parts

Ø Female external genitalia, mammary glands, composition of human milk

Ø Gametogenesis

Ø Spermiogenesis, structure of spermatozoan , gonadotropin releasing hormone

Ø Oogenesis

Ø Structure of Ovum, GnRH

Ø Menstrual Cycle

Ø Process of Fertilization, determination of sex

Ø Pregnancy and Embryonic Development: embryonic devlopment, functions of placenta

Ø Gastrulation, extra embryonic membranes, formation of organogenesis

Ø Parturition and Lactation

Ø Objective Questions

 

Reproductive Health

 

Ø Introduction, significance and measures to improve Reproductive Health

Ø Reasons for population explosion, malthus theory of human population growth, consequences of over population, measures to overcome over population

Ø Introduction, methods of contraception

Ø Injectable contraceptives, surgical methods

Ø Intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives

Ø Medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease

Ø Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, genital warts

Ø Genital herpes, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS

Ø Infertility and its types, assisted reproductive technologies

Ø Objective Questions

 

Principles of Inheritance and Variations

 

Ø Introduction, mendel's experiment, representation of genes

Ø Law of dominance

Ø Postulates of law of domonance, law of segregation, incomplete dominance

Ø Inheritence of two genes, law of independent assortment

Ø Chromosomal theory of inheritance, sex linked inheritance

Ø Linkage and recombination, types of linkage, postulates of chromosomes theory of linkage, crossing over

Ø Sex Determination, types of sex chromosomes

Ø Mutation

Ø Gene mutation in autosomes, recessively inherited and dominantly traits, genetic disorders due to chromosomal abnormalities

Ø Pedigree analysis and its reasons, different inheritance pattern, importance features of sex linked inheritance and dominant genes, human genetic disorders

Ø Klinefelter syndrome, turner syndrome, super males and super females

Ø Objective Questions

 

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

 

Ø Nature and properties of genetic material, Biochemical nature

Ø Salient features of double helix, Structure of DNA

Ø Packaging of DNA Helix

Ø Search for Genetic Material, Biochemical nature of transforming principle

Ø Hershey-chase experiment, Properties of genetic material, Features of DNA, RNA world

Ø Structure and Types of RNA

Ø Replication

Ø Mechanism of Replication

Ø Transcription, Transcription unit, Gene

Ø Process of Transcription

Ø Genetic Code and its salient features

Ø Mutation and Genetic Code

Ø Translation, Translation unit, Mechanism of Translation

Ø Regulation of Gene Expression, Operon system

Ø Repressible Operon System

Ø Human Genome Project, Goals of HGP, Sequence annotation, Salient features of human genome, Applications and future challenges

Ø DNA Finger Printing and Its applications

Ø Objective Questions

 

Evolution

 

Ø Cosmic evolution, nebular hypothesis

Ø Experimental evidence of evolution, formation of complex organic molecule

Ø Theory of special creation, panspermia, spontaneous generation, biogenesis

Ø Modern theory of evolution, chemical evolution

Ø Comparative anatomy and morphology, homologous and analogous organs

Ø Embryological evidence

Ø Industrial Mechanism, evolution-anthropogenic action

Ø Adaptive Radiation, convergent evolution

Ø Biological Evolution, theory of special creation

Ø Propositions of lamarckism, criticism of lamarckism, neo-lamarckism

Ø Theory of natural selection, postulates of natural selection

Ø Mutation theory, modern synthetic theory

Ø Hardy-Weinberg Principle, types of natural selection

Ø Brief Account of Evolution: palaentological evidence, geological time scale, evolution of plants

Ø Evolution of man, similarity between apes and humans, evolutionary history of humans

Ø Objective Questions

 

Human Health and Diseases

 

Ø Health , Disease and its types

Ø Disease agent, Transmission of disease, how pathogen cause disease

Ø Common cold, Dengue, Chikungunya, Polio

Ø Malaria

Ø Ascariasis, Elephantiasis

Ø Ringworm

Ø Typhoid, Pneumonia, Bacterial Dysentery, Plague, Diptheria

Ø Immunity, first line of defence

Ø Second line of defence (Innate Immunity)

Ø Third line of defence(Acquired  Immunity)

Ø Active and Passive Immunity, vaccination and immunization, types of vaccines

Ø Structure of antibody and antibody action

Ø T-lymphocytes and its features

Ø Structure of antigen, lymphoid organs

Ø Allergies, auto immunity

Ø AIDS, symptoms and treatment

Ø Cancer, features of cancer cells, symptoms of cancer cells, different types of cancer cells

Ø Causes of cancer, cancer detection and diagnosis

Ø Drugs (opioids)

Ø Drugs (cocaine)

Ø Tobacco addiction, alcohol addiction, effects of drugs and alcohol abuse

Ø Objective Questions

 

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

 

Ø Animal Husbandry, dairy farm management, poultry farm management

Ø Animal breeding and its types, controlled breeding experiments, multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology

Ø BeeKeeping, fisheries

Ø Plant breeding, modern plant breeding, steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop

Ø Wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize and millets

Ø Plant breeding for disease resistance, mutation breeding

Ø Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests, plant breeding for improved food quality

Ø Single Cell Protein

Ø Tissue culture, basic technique of plant tissue culture, applications of tissue culture technique

Ø Somatic hybridization, meristem culture, anther and pollen culture

Ø Objective Questions

 

Microbes in Human Welfare

 

Ø Microbes, Microbes in household products

Ø Microbes in industrial products, Fermented beverages, Antibiotics

Ø Chemicals, Enzymes and other bioactive molecules

Ø Microbes in Sewage Treatment

Ø Microbes in production of biogas, Biogas plant, Advantages

Ø Microbes as Biocontrol Agents

Ø Microbes as Biofertilizers

Ø Objective Questions

 

Biotechnology Principles and Processes

 

Ø Traditional, modern and medical biotechnology

Ø Principles of Biotechnology

Ø Tools for recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase

Ø Steps in formation of rDNA

Ø Gel electrophoresis, staining

Ø Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals

Ø Bacteriophages, plasmid, features of cloning vectors

Ø Selection of recombinant from non-recombinant, insertional inactivation of enzymes

Ø Process of transformation, vector-less method

Ø Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology

Ø Amplification of Gene of Interest Using PCR

Ø Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product, downstream processing

Ø Objective Questions

 

Biotechnology and its Applications

 

Ø Critical research areas of biotechnology, biotechnology applications in agriculture

Ø Genitically modified organisms, advantages of genetic modifications

Ø Bt Cotton, Bt toxins

Ø Pest Resistant Plants

Ø Hirudin and Hazards of GMO

Ø Transgenic microbes, biotechnology applications in medicines

Ø Gene therapy, clinical gene therapy

Ø Molecular diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction, molecular probes, ELISA Test

Ø Transgenic animals, formation and advantages of transgenic animals

Ø Ethical issues, bioethics, biopatent, biopiracy

Ø Objective Questions

 

Organisms and Population

 

Ø Organization, levels of biological organization

Ø Organisms and its environment, biomes, environmental factors

Ø Water, water as a resource, habitat and condition

Ø Light, effects of light on plants and animals

Ø Soil, weathering, soil composition, soil water and soil air

Ø Responses to abiotic factors, regulate, conform, migrate, suspend

Ø Adaptation in Plants

Ø Adaptation in Animals

Ø Population Attributes, Population characterstics

Ø Age structure, age pyramids

Ø Population growth, growth models

Ø Logistic growth, life history variation

Ø Population interaction, predation, biological control of weeds and pests

Ø Commensalism, protocooperation, ammensalism

Ø Mutualism

Ø Objective Questions

 

Ecosystem

 

Ø Ecosystem and its types, homeostasis or balance of nature

Ø Ecosystem structure

Ø Features and functions of ecosystem structure

Ø Productivity and its types, different ecosystem in respect of producitivity

Ø Decompostion, humification and mineralisation, factors affecting decompostion

Ø Energy flow, net primary productivity

Ø Food chain, food web

Ø Ecological pyramids, pyramid of numbers

Ø Pyramid of biomass, pyramid of energy, limitations of ecological pyramid

Ø Ecological succession and its types, characteristics of ecological succession

Ø Hydrarch succession, different seral stages

Ø Xerach succession, importance of biotic succession

Ø Nutrient cycling, characterstics of nutrient cycling, types of biogeochemical cycles, components of nutrient cycling

Ø Ecosystem- Carbon Cycle

Ø Ecosystem- Phosphorus Cycle

Ø Objective Questions

 

Biodiversity and Conservation

 

Ø Genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity

Ø Magnitude of biodiversity, biodiversity in india

Ø Pattern of biodivesrisity, species-area relationship

Ø Loss of biodiversity, types of extinction, effects of loss of biodiversity

Ø Causes of Biodiversity Loss

Ø Biodiversity Conservation

Ø How do we conserve Biodiversity and In Situ Conservation

Ø Ex Situ Conservation, biodiversity conservation in india

Ø Objective Questions

 

Environmental Issues

 

Ø Pollution, kinds of pollution, pollutant

Ø Air pollution, causes of air pollution, primary air pollutants, effects of air pollution

Ø Gaseous primary pollutants

Ø Secondary air pollutants

Ø Control of air pollution, control of particulate matter, control of gaseous pollutants

Ø Automobile pollution, controlling vehicular air pollution: a case study of delhi, advantages of CNG, noise pollution and its sources, effects and controls of noise pollution

Ø Water pollution and its types, sources of water pollution, biodegradation

Ø Eutrophication, biomagnification

Ø Industrial waste water, thermal pollution, oils spills, a case study of integrated waste water treatment

Ø Soil pollution, solid wastes, disposal of solid wastes

Ø Agrochemical and its effects, radioactive wastes

Ø Ozone Depletion In The Stratosphere

Ø Deforestation, reasons for the deforestation, effects of deforestation

Ø Stratigies to prevent deforestation and desertification, stratigies for forest conservation

Ø Objective Questions